Apparatus for and method of creating turbulence



P. L. SCOTT :April 5 1927.

APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF CREATING TURBULENCE Filed Sept. 17, 1921Patented Apr. 5, 1927.

UNITED STATES I v I 1,623,704 PATENT OFFICEI PHILIP LANE SCOTT, OFCHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR T SUPER-DIESEL TRACTOR CORPORATION, OF LAPORTE, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

I APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF CREATING TURBULENCE.

Application filed September 17,- 1921. Serial No. 501,498.

This invention relates to an apparatus for and method of creatingturbulence within the combustion chamber of an internal combustionengine, and is particularly adapted to a double piston engine.

In order to have satisfactory mixing of the fuel with the air, it isadvisable to create within the cylinder a condition of turbulence of theair. .-Such condition will obviously assist in the mixing of the fuelwith the air,-

and it is desirable that the turbulent air flow be regular and welldefined rather than a mere promiscuous agitation, and it is one of theobjects of this invention to produce such regular and well definedturbulence of the air.

Turbulence may be produced at different times in the engine cycle.f Inthe invention illustrated in the present case, it is produced at thetime of scavenging.

This invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in theaccompanying drawin wherein p igure 1 is a vertical cross section of oneform of my engine;

.Fig. 2 is a slmilar view showing in detail a modified form;

Fig. 3 is a cross section taken on line 33' of Fig. 2. .30 Like partsare designated by like characters throughout. I

A is a cylinder fixed to a crank case which is made up of the parts B,B. The cylinder is providedwith the water jacket A. To-

ward its lower end is the scavenging duct A, which only partiallysurrounds it and which communicates with the interior of the cylinder bymeans of the scavenging ports A A. Toward the upper .part of the cylin-40 der is the exhaust duct A, which in this form extends entirel' aboutthe cylinder and communicates with its interior by means of the exhaustorts A A". In the side of the cylinder is coated the injection valve Cwhich maybe of any suitable type, the details of which are not here"shown, as they form no part of the present invention. By means of thefuel line C fuel is carried to the injection valve and from it isinjected into the interior of the cylinder where it is burned.

Mounted within the cylinder are the two oppositely reciprocatingpistons, D D. Their heads are curved as at D as shown in a linecorresponding to the disposition of the scavenging ports.

In the form of my invention here illus- .trated the cylinder walls areslotted toward 'ing rod E, with the middle throw of the crank shaft E.

In the form shown in Figure 2 the piston heads are not curved,- but aturbulent whirlmotion is imparted to the air in' the cyl- 1n i'nder bymeans of the shape and arrangement of the scavenging ports, whicharrange-. ment is shown in detail in Fig. 3. As there shown, thescavenging ports A communicate with the interior of the cylinder at anangle with any diameter of the cylinder,-and thus a whirling motion isset up.

Although I have shown in my drawings an operative form of my invention,still it is obvious that many changes, in form, shape and-arrangement ofparts,.might be made without departing materially from the spirit of minvention, and I wish, therefore, that my s owing be taken as, in asense, diagrammatic.

In order to produce a satisfactory air current, it is advisable that thescavenging ports, in the form shown in Figure 1, be about only a part ofthe cylinder, that is to say, they should discharge only from one side.

The use and operation of my inventionare as follows:

As illustrated in Figure 1, the turbulence is set up at the time ofscavenging. As shown the piston heads are curved and the ports-arearranged on curved lines to correspond to the curve of the piston heads,and on the scavenging end, the ports extend only about a portion of theperiphery ofthe cylinder, about the lower side of the piston head, andpreferably extend throughout about one-half of. the periphery. thescavenging air rushes in through these scavenging ports, it comes intocontact with the lower side of the piston head which, by means of itscurved surface deflects the air upward and so starts it in an upwardly wirling movement. This air rising upward from the top of the one pistonhead strikes 110 the corresponding reversed piston and is deflected fromit in such a manner as to continue its turbulence.

In Figure 2, the piston heads are flat and turbulence is secured by theform and posi tion of the scavenging ports, which, as shown, are spiral.This arrangement might be somewhat altered so long as the scavengingairis brought in at an angle to the diameter of the cylinder so as tolnduce rotary mo -ion of the air about the axis of the cylinder. In thisform, therefore, the air is given a generally helical whirlingturbulence within the cylinder, and this turbulence is set up b means ofthe shape and arrangement of t e scavengin ports and not by the shape ofthe piston head I claim:

1. In a double piston internal combustion engine a cylinder and meansfor setting up within the cylinder ofsuch engine a current of air tocause turbulence of the contents of the cylinder,said means including apair of oppositely reciprocating, similarly shaped, curved piston heads,said heads free from obstructions and being curved across their entireinner face, one of said pistons, with regard to the form of the head,being rotated through an angle of'180 with relation to the other.

2. In a double piston internal combustion engine a cylinder and meansfor causing the air within the cylinder to move in a well de finedcurrent, said means including a pair of oppositely reciprocating,similarly shaped, curved iston heads, said heads free from obstructionsand being curved across their entire inner face, one of saidpistonsbeing. rotated through an angle tion to the other. 5

3. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder and means for setting uwithin the cylinder a current of air, inclu in a piston head the entirehead of which is s oped and of 180 with rela-j free from obstructions,depressions and projections in combination with inlet ports adapted todischarge adjacent the lower end of said slo ed piston head.

4. In a ouble piston internal combustion en 'ne means for setting upwithin the cylin er a current of air, including a piston head theentire-head of which is sloped in combination with inlet ports adaptedto discharge adjacent the lower end of said sloped piston head.

5. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder and means for setting upwithin the cylinder a current of air, including a sloped piston head incombination with inlet ports about a portion of the cylinder, adapted todischarge adjacent the lower end of said sloped piston head, said pistonheads being free from depressions, obstructions and projections.

6. In a double piston internal combustion engine a cylinder and meansfor setting u within the cylinder a current of air, inclu ing a slopedpiston head in combination with inlet ports about a portion of thecylin- .der adapted to discharge adjacent the lower end of said slopedpiston head, said piston heads being free from depressions, obstructionsand projections. 7

v7. In a double piston internal combustion engine'a cylinder, means forsetting up within said cylinder a current of air, including a slopedpistonhead in combination with inlet ports about a portion of thecylinder, the piston head being free from depressions, ob structions andprojections,.said inlet ports positioned on a line conformin to thesectional outline of the piston an adapted to discharge adjacent thelower end of the S10 ed piston head.

igned at Chicago, county of Cook and Stateof Illinois, this 14th day ofSeptember PHILIP LANE SCOTT.

